See -ilu on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-ilō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilō"
],
[
"*-ilaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz#Proto-Germanic:_agent_noun"
],
[
"*-ō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ō"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*ilō<ety:af<*-ilaz<id:agent noun>><*-ō<id:noun>>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"tool noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tḗr\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-trom\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ō\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ilō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"gmw-pro\" data-title=\"*-ilu\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ilō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ilaz",
"3": "*-ō",
"id1": "agent noun",
"nocat": "1",
"pos1": "agent and instrumental suffix",
"pos2": "nominal suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-ilaz (agent and instrumental suffix) + *-ō (nominal suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ilō, from *-ilaz (agent and instrumental suffix) + *-ō (nominal suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*-ilu f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-o"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ilu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument."
],
"id": "en--ilu-gmw-pro-suffix-Jpbetv1m",
"links": [
[
"tool",
"tool#English"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ilu"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-ilō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilō"
],
[
"*-ilaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz#Proto-Germanic:_agent_noun"
],
[
"*-ō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ō"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*ilō<ety:af<*-ilaz<id:agent noun>><*-ō<id:noun>>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"tool noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tḗr\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-trom\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ō\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ilō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"gmw-pro\" data-title=\"*-ilu\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ilō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ilaz",
"3": "*-ō",
"id1": "agent noun",
"nocat": "1",
"pos1": "agent and instrumental suffix",
"pos2": "nominal suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-ilaz (agent and instrumental suffix) + *-ō (nominal suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ilō, from *-ilaz (agent and instrumental suffix) + *-ō (nominal suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*-ilu f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-o"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ilu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with etymon",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument."
],
"links": [
[
"tool",
"tool#English"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ilu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ilu meaning in All languages combined (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.